Melatonin decreases estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements sites on the OCT4 gene in human breast cancer stem cells
ABSTRACT
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) pose a challenge in cancer treatment, as these cells can drive tumor growth and are resistant to chemotherapy. Melatonin exerts its oncostatic effects through the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway in cancer cells, however its action in CSCs is unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of melatonin on the regulation of the transcription factor OCT4 (Octamer Binding 4) by estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The cells were grown as a cell suspension or as anchorage independent growth, for the mammospheres growth, representing the CSCs population and treated with 10 nM estrogen (E2) or 10 µM of the environmental estrogen Bisphenol A (BPA) and 1 mM of melatonin. At the end, the cell growth as well as OCT4 and ERα expression and the binding activity of ERα to the OCT4 was assessed. The increase in number and size of mammospheres induced by E2 or BPA was reduced by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, binding of the ERα to OCT4 was reduced, accompanied by a reduction of OCT4 and ERα expression. Thus, melatonin treatment is effective against proliferation of BCSCs in vitro and impacts the ER pathway, demonstrating its potential therapeutic use in breast cancer.
When people refer to today’s medicine, accuracy plays one of the most important roles and people’s lives are literally dependent on it. Hereby, any researches related to medicine are necessary to comply with the highest standards. The issue nowadays is that any conclusions of researches can be shared online and used as a reference without being adequately verified and approved. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny of Oncotarget perfectly understood this issue and decided to create an alternative solution. That’s how a weekly oncology-focused research journal named “Oncotarget” has been established back in 2010. The major principle of this journal is based on Altmetric scores that are used as a quality measure. That assists both readers and authors to verify publications with Altmetric Article Reports that provide “real-time feedback containing data summary related to a particular publication.” Oncotarget website provides a full publications list with respective scores above 100 as well as reports mentioned above. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny proud to share his new approach and hopes it creates the necessary assistance to anybody, who has interest in oncology.
“A diagnostic autoantibody signature for primary cutaneous melanoma” has the Altmetric score of 594. This study was published back in 2018 by Oncotarget and written by different experts from Hollywood Private Hospital, Edith Cowan University, Dermatology Specialist Group, St. John of God Hospital and The University of Western Australia. The introduction of the study mentions that “recent data shows that Australians are four times more likely to develop a cancer of the skin than any other type of cancer”, and provides an insight on melanoma that “is curable by surgical excision in the majority of cases, if detected at an early stage.”
The publication has got an Altmetric score of 594. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny realizes that majority of readers are aiming to understand the very meaning of it. Based on the Altmetric website, the score relates to “how many people have been exposed to and engaged with a scholarly output.” Likewise, the article about melanoma, was utilized for citations in different news articles 69 times. Besides that, it was quoted in 2 online blogs, as well as 25 Tweets on Twitter and 1 Facebook post. FOX23 of Tulsa, Oklahoma has headlined their news on July 20, 2018 as “New blood test could detect skin cancer early”, using the main content of Australia study
Another Oncotarget’s research with a top score of 476, is “Biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: Do we need another moon-shot,”. This study has appeared in 60 news stories, 1 online blog post and 6 Twitter posts. The majority of public may have seen a concise overview only, however those who visit Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny at Oncotarget, do receive helpful scientific facts. Oncotarget is happy to have the ability to share with online customers this highly appreciated and high-quality information, that is trustworthy and reliable.
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